INSPECTION in TCM 四診:望

Inspection中醫

四診望

Inspection is a method to examine the patient by observation of the expression, appearance, color, and abnormal changes of secretion and excretion, etc.

1. Observation of the Mind

This is to observe the patient's spirit, clearness of consciousness, coordination and vigor of movements, and keenness of response in order to judge the excess or deficiency of yin, yang, qi, and blood in the zang-fu organs and make a prognosis of the disease condition.
Strength of Spirit: The patient is in good spirits, the body resistance and functions of the zang-fu organs are normal, therefore the patient has a good prognosis. Generally speaking, the patient is in good spirits, behaves normally with a sparkle in the eye, and has a keen response.
Loss of Spirit: The patient is spiritless, indifferent in expression, has dull eyes and a sluggish response, or may even be unconscious or have a mental disturbance. This shows damage to the body resistance, a severe disease condition, and a poor prognosis.

2. Observation of the Complexion

Observe the color and luster of the facial region. Generally, a lustrous complexion with normal color indicates ample qi and blood, and a mild disease with a good prognosis. If the complexion is deep in color and withered, this indicates a serious disease condition with damage to the qi and essence, and a difficult treatment with poor prognosis.
White Color: A white color is the sign of a qi and blood deficiency. A pale complexion indicates a yin excess with yang deficiency. A qi deficiency manifests a lusterless and pale complexion and is accompanied by swelling. A pale emaciated face indicates a blood deficiency. A sudden pale complexion with cold sweat is the sign of sudden prostration of yang qi due to febrile diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic wind-cold.
Yellowish Color: a yellowish color is the sign of spleen deficiency and damp accumulation. A complexion that is yellowish, withered and lusterless indicates a qi deficiency of the spleen and stomach. A yellowish, flabby complexion is the sign of damp accumulation due to spleen dysfunction of transportation and transformation. The yellow color of the face, eyes, and skin indicates jaundice. In traditional Chinese medicine a bright orange yellow is diagnosed as yang jaundice caused by pathogenic damp-heat; dark yellow in yin jaundice due to pathogenic cold-damp.
Red Color: Redness indicates excessively full blood vessels due to excessive heat. A red complexion is mostly due to the fever of a common cold, or may be a heat syndrome due to excessive yang in the zang-fu organs. Malar flush with bright red color indicates xu heat syndromes due to yin deficiency and yang preponderance.
Bluish Color: Bluish color indicates syndromes of cold, pain, and blood stasis or convulsion, and is the manifestation of qi and blood obstruction in the channels. Pathogenic cold causes stagnation of qi and blood leading to pain. Children's high fever also shows a bluish complexion, the symptoms of acute convulsion.
Black Color: Black color indicates kidney deficiency, humor accumulation, and blood stasis. This is the manifestation of excessive cold and water, or stagnation of qi and blood. If the complexion is as black as bronze, it is mostly due to an extreme weakness of kidney yang and cold accumulation manifesting as xu-cold syndromes. A dark dray color around the eyes denotes phlegm-humor syndrome due to kidney deficiency. This leads to a dysfunction of the water metabolism or leukorrhea, due to the downward flowing of kidney essence. A dark gray malar can be seen in patients with frequent urination due to kidney deficiency. A dark gray complexion indicates prolonged stagnation of blood such as a consumptive disease with blood deficiency accompanied by menoplania or amenia.

3. Observation of the Tongue [舌苔]

The tongue is the mirror of the body. Harmony and disharmony are reflected in the tongue’s color, moisture, size, coating and the location of abnormalities.
Healthy Organ Systems and a lack of External Pernicious Influences produce a healthy tongue, which is pinkish red, neither dry nor too wet, fits perfectly within the mouth, moves freely and has a thin white coating.
Imbalances in the Organ Systems and/or invasion by Pernicious Influences produce an unhealthy tongue. External Pernicious Influences produce changes in the tongue coating. Interior problems, such as Organ System or Essential Substance disharmonies, produce changes in the tongue body.
When examining the tongue, the Chinese medicine doctor looks at the color of the tongue body, its size and shape, the color and thickness of its coating or fur, locations of abnormalities, and moistness or dryness of the tongue body and fur. These signs reveal not only overall states of health but correlate to specific organ functions and disharmonies, especially in the digestive system. To evaluate the tongue accurately, always do the examination in natural light.
Tongue Body:
The tongue body is a fleshy mass and has color, texture, and shape independent from the apparent qualities of the tongue coating. A pale tongue body indicates deficient Xue, Qi, or Yang or Excess Cold. An overly red tongue body indicates Excess Heat. A purple tongue indicates that Qi and/or Xue are not moving harmoniously and are stagnant. Pale purple means the Stagnation is related to Cold. Reddish purple is related to Stagnation of Heat. When the tongue is black or gray, it indicates extreme Stagnation; if black and dry, that indicates extreme Heat Stagnation; if black and wet, that indicates extreme Cold Stagnation. Bright red indicates Deficient Yin or Excess Heat. Dark red indicates Excess Heat. Cracks in a red tongue indicate Deficient Yin or Heat Injuring the Fluids. If the tongue is pale and cracked, there is Deficient Qi or Xue. Thorny eruptions of the buds on the tongue alert the doctor to Heat or Stagnant Xue.
Tongue FurThe tongue’s coating is best described as moss or fur. It arises when the Spleen causes tiny amounts of impure substances to drift upward to the tongue. When the Spleen and stomach are in balance, there is a uniform density of fur, with a slightly thicker area in the center of the tongue. Thick fur indicates excess. Thin fur is related to deficiency during illness, but is normal if you are well. Fur that is wet indicates Excess Jin-Ye (fluids) and/or a Deficient Yang. Dry fur is a sign of Excess Yang or Deficient Jin-Ye. A greasy fur is a sign of mucus or dampness in the body. If the fur looks peeled off or missing, it reveals Deficient Spleen or Yin or fluids. White, moist fur indicates Cold. Yellow fur means Heat. However, white fur, resembling cottage cheese, points to heat in the Stomach. Gray/black fur with a red body is associated with extreme Heat; gray/black fur with a pale body is a sign of extreme Cold.
Size and Shape:
The healthy tongue rests comfortably in the mouth. It is neither too small nor too large. If a tongue is enlarged and flabby, it indicates Deficient Qi. If, in addition to being enlarged and flabby, the tongue has scalloped (or tooth marked) edges, then it indicates dampness due to Deficient Qi or stagnation of fluids. If the tongue is enlarged and hard, it is a sign of Excess. If it swells so that it fills the mouth and is deep red, that means Excess Heat in Heart and Spleen are a problem. A small, thin tongue can indicate Deficient Yin or Xue.
Movement
A trembling, pale tongue indicates Deficient Qi. A flaccid tongue that is pale often reveals extreme Qi or Xue Deficiency. A flaccid tongue that is deep red reveals severe Yin Deficiency. A trembling, red tongue indicates interior Wind. If the tongue sits off-center in the mouth, early or full-blown Wind stroke may be present. A rigid tongue accompanies an Exterior Pernicious Influence and fever. This may indicate the invasion of the Pericardium by Heat and Mucus Obstructing the Heart Qi.
Location of Abnormalities:
The location of disturbances on the tongue is vivid indications of where disharmonies in the mind/body/spirit are located. Certain organs are associated with the Upper, Middle and Lower Triple Burner, which are in turn associated with the front, middle and back sections of the tongue. For example, if there are red spots on the front third of the tongue, which is associated with the Upper Burner, this indicates that there is Heat in the Lungs. If the tip of the tongue is red, that indicates Heat in the Heart. Menstrual cramps, when associated with Stagnant Xue, are often accompanied by purple spots on the edges of the tongue in the Liver/Gallbladder area.
The Role of Tongue Diagnosis:
Not all tongue irregularities are indications of disharmony, however. Food and drugs may change the coating or color of the body of the tongue. For example, coffee yellows the coating and Pepto-Bismol turns the tongue black.
Furthermore, some people have minor, unchanging cracks on their tongue, which are considered normal. Others are born with what is called a geographic tongue, which is covered with severe cracks and covered with hills and valleys. This is considered normal by some practitioners, but a sign of congenital disharmony by others.
The way a tongue appears is not an absolute indicator of the location of the disharmony, but when taken as part of an overall pattern that includes a complete evaluation, it offers strong clues to the location of disharmony Tongue Proper.
Tongue inspection is objectively reliable but beware of food dye!

Pale Tongue: Indicates xu and cold syndromes or symptoms due to yang qi deficiency and insufficiency of qi and blood.
Red Tongue: Indicates heat syndromes, mostly shi types of disease caused by interior heat, or symptoms of fire preponderance due to yin deficiency.
Deep Red Tongue: Denotes the excessive heat seen in febrile disease due to invasion of exogenous pathogenic heat which as been transmitted from the exterior to the interior of the body. It also can be seen in miscellaneous diseases due to a preponderance of fire caused by yin deficiency, or seen in diseases of accumulated fire in the liver channel.
Purplish Tongue: Shows the syndrome of blood stagnation. A tongue with purplish spots or petechiae also indicates blood stagnation.
Tongue Appearance Flabby Tongue:

A flabby tongue body with teeth marks on the margin and pale in color indicates a yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney leading to accumulation and obstruction of phlegm-dampness. A flabby tongue with a deep red color indicates excessive pathogenic heat attacking the heart and spleen.
Thin and Small Tongue:

This indicates consumption and deficiency of blood and yin. A thin and small tongue with a pale color denotes deficiency of both qi and blood. A thin dry tongue with a deep red color is mainly due to a preponderance of fire and great exhaustion of body fluids.
Rigid Tongue:

Seen in febrile diseases due to the invasion of exogenous pathogenic heat transmitted into the pericardium or due to an obstruction of pathogenic phlegm. It may also be seen in high fever leading to consumption of body fluids and preponderance of pathogenic heat. It is a prodrome of wind-stroke (cerebral stroke).
Deviated Tongue:

This is a prodrome of wind-stroke.
Cracked Tongue:

Cracks on the tongue with deep red color indicate excessive heat. A cracked pale tongue indicates insufficiency of yin and blood. However, a cracked tongueof long term duration without any other symptoms can be considered normal.
Tongue Coating

In the first place, the properties of tongue coating should be examined.
Thinness and Thickness: Generally, if substantial pathogenic factors such as damp, phlegm or food accumulation occur and cause obstruction, they further affect the spleen and stomach leading to the ascent of turbid qi and forming of a thick tongue coating. A white thin tongue coating is formed if nonsubstantial pathogenic factors such as wind, heat, dryness, or cold attack the body; or if the pathogenic factors stay on the body surface; or if body resistance is weak during the disease development.
Moistness and Dryness: The normal tongue coating is moist, which indicates that plenty of body fluid is flowing upward. If the tongue coating is dry, it is due to body fluids failing to moisten the tongue. A dry tongue coating may also be present in some febrile diseases where pathogenic heat consumes the body fluid. A slippery tongue coating may be due to pathogenic damp-humor floating over the tongue surface.
Sticky and Curdled Tongue Coating: A sticky coating is due to hyperactivity of endogenous pathogenic phlegm and damp rising to the tongue, and is mostly seen in diseases caused by pathogenic damp-heat or phlegm-humor. A curdled tongue coating is the outcome of food accumulation in the stomach leading to the ascent of turbid qi to the tongue surface. It is also seen in disease caused by phlegm-damp.
Peeled Tongue Coating: Mostly due to deficiency of qi and yin. If peeled tongue is accompanied by a sticky coating, it indicates a complicated disease condition to which the body resistance is weakened.
No Tongue Coating: Changes in the tongue coating indicate fluctuation in the disease condition. For example, if a qi deficiency of the stomach is manifested by no tongue coating at an early stage, the tongue coating will reappear after the stomach qi is recovered. If a disease has no tongue coating, then suddenly appears, this indicates a perversive flow of stomach qi, or excessive pathogenic heat. If a disease has a tongue coating at the beginning which disappears abruptly, this indicates stomach yin fluid has decreased. If a thick coating gradually turns into a thin white coating, this indicates that pathogenic qi is being gradually weakened, and the disease condition is becoming milder.
Generally, an observation of the thinness and thickness of the tongue coating will indicate the depth of pathogenic qi. The tongue's moistness or dryness shows the body fluid condition. The degree of curdling and stickiness of the tongue coating indicates the dampness of the stomach and spleen. The appearance or disappearance of tongue coating signified the cure or worsening of the disease condition.
Color of Tongue Coating White Coating: Indicates exterior-cold syndromes. A white and thin coating is seen mostly in exterior syndromes, while a white and thick coating appears in interior-cold syndromes. If there is a powder-like whitish coating covering the tongue surface, it is caused by the internal accumulation of summer-humid heat and is usually seen at the onset of pestilential diseases.
Yellow Coating: Indicates interior and heat syndromes. A light yellow tongue coating is seen in cases of slight fever. A deep yellow color indicates high fever. Brownish tongue coatings represent an accumulation of pathogenic heat.
Grayish Coating: Denotes interior-heat syndrome or interior-cold syndrome. A grayish black and slippery coating on the tongue usually indicates symptom-complex due to cold-damp in the interior. A grayish, yellow, and sticky tongue coating usually indicates the accumulation of damp-heat. Grayish and dry tongue coatings are usually due to the consumption of body fluid by excessive heat.
Black Coating: This is often seen at the serious and dangerous stage of disease, and indicates extreme heat or cold. A black, yellow, and dry coating with thorns on the tongue surface usually denotes consumption of body fluid by extreme heat. A black and slippery tongue coating shows excessive cold due to yang deficiency.
Commonly seen tongue signs
Pale tongue, tender, slightly larger than normal Thin, white Qi deficiency//Pale, tongue normal in size or slightly shrunken Slightly dry, thin, white Blood deficiency//Pale, and enlarged and tender, teeth impression on the sides Damp and moist with much fluid, white and thick Yang depletion causing internal collection of cold-dampness//Pale Thin, white, peeled center Insufficient stomach yin//Pale Yellow, slimy Weakness of spleen and stomach//Pale red Thin, white, moist Normal or invasion by wind-cold evils//.Pale red Red tip with white fur Flaming up of heart fire//Red, rough Yellow Retention of heat//Red, prickles Thick, yellow, dry Extreme heat in the interior//Red Dry in center of the tongue Heat scorching the stomach fluids//Red Yellow and slimy Dampness and heat in the qi (vital energy) aspect//Red Thick, yellow and glossy Dampness and heat distending and stagnating in the spleen and stomach//Red Little or no fur Yin deficiency causing virtual fire, deficiency in qi (vital energy) and yin//Deep red (crimson), prickles Thick, yellow Heat evil entering the blood//Deep red Dry with cracked fur Heat evil burning yin//Deep red Black fur Extreme retention of heat//Deep red, shrunken Dry, little or no fur Long term yin eficiency.//Deep red. Yellow and slimy. Internal heat acompanied with phlegm and dampness accumulation//Dark red Bruised spots or patches blood stasis with heat//Pale purple, tender, Glossy damp, moist, Internal cold flourishing.Purple, with bruised spots or patches white. Internal accumulation of blood stasis.//Blue-green and purple Yellow and dry Extreme exhaustion of yin and blood, internal exuberance of virtual fire//Green-blue White and glossy Serious cold syndrome//

TCM Basic Fundamental Knowledge And Reference 中醫

To be a good chinese physician it take years of experience to grasp and apply the knowledge effectively on diseases through careful observation of the many signs and symptom(based on Yin-Yan)s,body nature of person(based on Yin-Yan),inferred and prepare "logically" the RIGHT COMBINATION of herbs(based on Yin-Yan) herbs ,based on the established DIGNOSIS PRINCIPLE and HERB FORMULAE. Theefore he is required to aquire sufficient knowledge on HERB CLASSIFICATION and HERB NATURE,in addition to right analysis/conclusion 0f the decion thorough inspection/understanding the condition/state of patient to be treated. It's really an art which is NOT easy! A chinese physician need to do a lot of comparative study on cases including case study from published jourmals on reasearch and treatment ,to upgrade/correlate the knowlege in the interpretation of disease,and concord the appropriate herb formula.

八綱在辨證上，有陰、陽、表、裡、寒
、熱、虛、實。
但八綱中又以陰陽作為
總綱的。
在臨床辨證中，首先要分清陰陽，才能
抓住疾病的本質，做到摯簡馭繁。
陰陽大者可以概括整個病情是屬陽證、
屬陰證，小者可以分析四診中一個具體
脈症.
色澤的陰陽：
從色澤的明暗，可以辨別病情的淺輕深重及陰陽屬性，
色澤鮮明為病在陽分，其病輕淺；
色澤晦暗為病在陰分，其病深重
觀察呼吸氣息的動態，聽其發出的聲音，可以區別病情的寒熱虛實及陰陽屬性。
語聲高亢宏亮，多言而躁動者，屬實，屬熱，為陽；
語聲低微無力，少言而沉靜者，屬虛，屬寒，為陰。
呼吸微弱，聲低氣怯，多屬虛寒；
呼吸有力，聲高氣粗，多屬實熱。
病情分陰陽：
如發熱，口渴，便秘，脈數等為陽；
惡寒，口不渴，便溏，脈遲為陰。

陽脈象分陰陽：
以部位分，則寸為陽，尺為陰；
以動態分，則至（起）者為陽，去（伏）者為陰；
以至數分，則數者為陽，遲者為陰；
以脈象分，則浮大洪滑為陽，沉澀細小為陰。方劑的分類方法很多，

有七方說、十劑說、按病證分，按臟腑分，按治法分等。
七方說：大、小、緩、急、奇、偶、複

十劑說：宣、通、補、泄、輕、重、澀、滑、燥、濕

湯劑：藥物配齊後，用水或黃酒，或水酒各半浸透後，
　　　煎煮一定時間，去渣取汁，稱為湯劑。
丸劑：將藥物碾成細末，用蜜、水、或米、麵糊為丸。
散劑：將藥物研碎，成為均勻混合的乾燥粉末，有內服外用兩種。
膏劑：藥物用水或植物油煎熬濃縮而成的劑型。
丹劑：沒有固定劑型，內服與外用兩種。
酒劑：藥酒，古稱酒醴。
藥露；新鮮含揮發性成分的藥物，放在水中加熱蒸餾，所收集的蒸餾液。
錠劑：藥物研成細末，單獨或加適當的糊粉、
　　　蜂蜜與賦型劑混合後製成不同形狀的一種固體製劑。
條劑：紙捻。
線劑：絲線或棉線泡於藥液中同煮，乾燥而得之外用劑型。
熏劑：火熏、水熏兩種。
片劑：將中藥加工或提煉後與輔料混合，壓製成圓片狀劑型。
針劑：注射劑。
沖服劑。

四氣五味，就是藥物的性味，代表藥物的藥性和滋味兩個方面。
其中的〝性〞又稱為〝氣〞，是古代通用、沿襲至今的名詞，

所以四氣也就是四性。性和味的作用，既有區別，又有聯繫.
四氣，就是寒、熱、溫、涼四種藥性。

寒涼和溫熱是對立的兩種藥性；
寒和涼之間、熱和溫之間，是程度上的不同，也就是說藥性相同，
但在程度上有差別，溫次於熱、涼次於寒。
藥性的寒、熱、溫、涼，是藥物作用於人體發生的反應歸納出來的，
中草藥的藥性，通過長時期的臨床實踐，絕大多數已為人們所掌握，
如果我們熟悉了各種藥物的藥性，就可以根據：
《療寒以熱藥、療熱以寒藥》和《熱者寒之、寒者熱之》的治療原則
寒涼藥，大多具有清熱、瀉火、解毒等作用，常用來治療熱性病症。
溫熱藥，大多具有溫中、助陽、散寒等作用，常用來治療寒性病症。
此外，還有一些藥物的藥性較為平和，稱為〝平〞性。由於平性藥沒有寒涼藥或溫熱藥的作用來得顯著，
所以在實際上雖有寒、熱、溫、涼、平正氣，而一般仍稱為四氣。

五味，就是辛、甘、酸、苦、鹹五種不同的滋味。
它主要是由味覺器官辨別出來的，或是根據臨床治療中反映出來的效果而確
定的。
各種滋味的作用如下：
多食辛，則筋急而爪枯有發散、行氣或潤養等作用。一般發汗的藥物與行氣的藥物，大多數有辛味；
某些補養的藥物，也有辛味。
多食甘，則骨痛而髮落。
有滋補、和中或緩急的作用。一般滋補性的藥物及調和藥性的藥物，大多數有甘味。
多食酸，則肉胝而唇揭。
有收斂、固澀等作用。一般帶有酸味的藥物，大都具有止汗、止渴等作用。
多食苦，則皮槁而毛拔。
有瀉火、燥濕、通泄、下降等作用。一般具有清熱、燥濕、瀉下和降逆作用的藥物，大多數有苦味。
多食鹹，則脈凝泣而變色。
有軟堅、散結或瀉下等作用。一般能消散結塊的藥物和一部分瀉下通便的藥物，帶有鹹味
藥性：
凡味屬辛甘、性屬溫熱的藥物，大都為升浮藥；
凡味屬苦、酸、鹹，性屬寒涼的藥物，大都為沉降藥，
因此有《酸鹹無升、辛甘無降、寒無浮散、熱無沉降》的說法。
浮沉，就是藥物作用於人體的四種趨向。
意義如下：
升　是上升、升提的意思，指能治病勢下陷的藥。
降　是下降、降逆的意思，指能治病勢上逆的藥。
浮　是輕浮、上行發散的意思，指能治病位在表的藥。
沉　是重沉、下行泄利的意思，指能治病位在裡的藥。
凡升浮的藥物，都能上行、向外；有升陽、發表、散寒、催吐等作用。
降的藥物，都能下行、向裡；有清熱、瀉下、利水、收斂、平喘、止
呃等作用。
升降浮沉，既是四種不同藥性，同時在臨床上又作為用藥的原則，這是它
的重要意義。因為人體發生病變的部位有上、下、表、裡的不同，病勢有
上逆和下陷的差別，在治療上就需要針對病情，選用藥物。病勢上逆者，
宜降不宜升；病勢下陷者，宜升不宜降；病位在表者，宜發表而不宜收斂
；病位在裡者，宜清熱、瀉下或溫裡、利水等沉降藥，不宜用解表藥等。
升降浮沉，也是對藥性認識的一種歸納方法，並且在應用上和藥物的歸經
有密切聯繫。升降浮沉的藥性，一般來說和藥物的性味、質地有一定關係
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藥物
凡花、葉以及質輕的藥物，大都為升浮藥；
凡種子、果實、礦石以及質重的藥物，大都為沉降藥。
藥但是，上述情況又並不是絕對的，還必須從各種藥物的功效特點來考慮。
在性味和質地方面，藥物的升降浮沉也是如此，此外，通過藥物的炮制，
也能使升降浮沉有所轉化。

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The Eight Outlines 八綱辨證：
yin and yang,/ external and internal/, hot and cold,/ weak and strong.
陰陽，/表裡/，寒熱/，虛實。

There are four diagnostic methods, namely, inspection, listening and smelling, inquiring and palpation.[Based on Yin-Yan]. Four diagnostic methods are the four approaches to understand the pathological conditions. As human body is an organic entity, its regional pathological changes may affect the whole body, and the pathological changes of the internal organs may manifest themselves on the body surface. By making analysis and synthesis of the pathological conditions formed by applying the four diagnostic methods, the doctor, therefore, can determine the causative factors and nature of the disease, thus providing basis for further differentiation and treatment.

Four clinical diagnostics
四診
Yin Syndromes
陰證
Inspection
望
Pale or dark complexion, tiredness and likes to lie down, lack of strength, does not like physical activities, fat slippery tongue with oily look.
面色蒼白或暗淡，身重捲臥，倦怠無力，萎靡不振，舌質淡而胖膩，舌苔潤滑
Listening and Smelling
聞
Voice is weak, quiet and dislikes talking, weak breathing, short of breath.
語聲低微，靜而少言，呼吸祛弱，氣短。
Inquiring
問
Foul smelling feces, lack of appetite, uneasiness and not thirsty, or prefers warm beverages, urination is long and clear or short of urine.
大便氣腥臭，飲食減少，口中無味，不煩不渴，或喜熱飲，小便清長或短少
Palpation
切
Stomach is painful and likes to be pressed, body and feet are cold, pulse is deep, thin, slow and weak.
腹痛喜按，身寒足冷，脈象沉微細澀弱遲無力
External 表
Internal 裏
Location of Illness
skin and hair, muscle and meridians
皮毛，肌肉，經脈
zang fu, blood vessels, and bone marrow
五臟六腑，血脈，骨髓
Cold Syndromes 寒證
Hot Syndromes 熱證
Warm and Cold Preferences/寒熱喜惡
Prefers warm and dislikes cold/惡寒喜熱
Prefers cold and dislikes warm/惡熱喜寒
Thirst口渴/ not thirsty不渴
thirsty and likes cold drink渴喜冷飲
color of face面色: pale白/red or pink/紅赤
limbs四肢:cold冷,hot熱 feces大便:loose 稀溏 rigid秘結

urine小便 :light color and long duration清長
dark and short duration短赤
tongue舌象=pale and with white coating
舌淡，苔白潤
red and with yellow coating
舌紅，苔黃
Weak (deficient) Syndromes
(xu zheng)
虛證
Strong Syndromes
(shi zheng)
實證
length of illness
病程
illness has been lasting for long duration
長(久病)
illness has been lasting for short duration
短(新病)
body type體質:weak必虛弱strong必粗壯
energy精神low and depressed萎靡excited興奮
Voice and breath聲息:low voice and weak breath 聲低息微strong voiceand strong breath 聲高息粗
pain:疼痛:likes being pressed喜按does not like being pressed拒按
fullness in chest and abdomen胸腹脹滿:
not painful when pressed. Fullness comes and goes.
按之不痛，脹滿時減
painful when pressed. Fullness does not subside.
按之疼痛，脹滿不減
temperature發熱:
chest, palms and soles are uncomfortably warm. Feverish in the afternoon.
五心煩熱，午後微熱
hot body
蒸蒸壯熱
chill
惡寒
chill sensation subsides when the body is covered or in a warm environment
得衣近火則解
chill sensation does not subside when the body
is covered or in a warm environment
添衣加被不減
tongue phenomenon舌象:
tongue has tender look. No fur or little fur.
質嫩，苔少或無苔
tongue has aged look and fur is thick and has an
oily look.
質老，苔厚膩
pulse phenomenon脈象:weak無力strong有力
Zang Fu Diagnostics 臟腑辨證:
(to be loaded)
Heart and Small Intestine Channels Diagnostics 心與小腸病辨證
syndromes 證候
Similarity 相同點
differences 不同點
heart qi deficient
心氣虛
palpitation, heaviness in chest area and short of breath, especially after physical activities, and instant sweating.
心悸怔忡，胸悶氣短，活動後加重，自汗
pale complexion, pale tongue with white fur, weak pulse
面色淡白，舌淡苔白，脈虛
heart yang deficient
心陽虛
cold limbs and dislikes coldness, angina pectoris, pale and dark complexion, fat and pale tongue with white and slippery fur, small and thin pulse.
畏寒肢冷，心痛，面色晃白或晦暗，舌淡胖苔白滑，脈微細
heart yang abruptly dropping(Note: very dangerous sign)
心陽暴脫
sudden cold sweat, cold limbs, weak breathing, pale and green complexion, blue lips, dizzy or faint, bluish tongue, small and thin pulse as if expiring.
突然冷汗淋漓，四肢厥冷，呼吸微弱，面色蒼白，口唇青紫，神志模糊或昏迷。舌質淡紫青滑，脈微細欲絕。
biao xu (external deficient) 表虚//blood deficient 血虛 // blood stasis 血淤//
damp-heat 濕熱//damp phlegm and qi stagnation 痰 濕 氣 滯//
feng han (wind cold syndrome) 風寒癥狀//feng re (wind heat syndrome) 風熱癥狀//
gan qi yu jie 肝氣鬱結//gan shen yin xu (liver-kidney yin deficient) 肝腎陰虚//
gu zheng lao re 骨蒸勞熱//liver qi stagnation 肝氣鬱結//
liver-kidney yin deficient 肝腎陰虚//liver yang ascending 肝 陽 上亢//
liver and spleen inharmony 肝脾失和//
Damp phlegm with qi and blood stasis 痰濕氣滞血瘀//
pixu (spleen deficient) 脾虛 //qizi (stagnation) 氣滯//
qixu (qi deficient) 氣虛//san jiao (triple burner / three warmer) 三 焦
shenxu (kidney deficient) 腎虛//shenyangxu (kidney yang deficient)腎陽虛//
shenyinxu (kidney yin deficient) 腎陰虛//wind cold syndrome (feng han) 風寒癥狀//
xinqixu (heart qi deficient) 心氣虛//xinyangxu (heart yang deficient) 心陽虛//
xu huo, Deficient Fire 虛火//xue re (heat in blood) 血熱//
xue xu (blood deficient) 血虛//xue yu (blood stasis) 血淤//
yangxu (yang deficient)陽虛//yinxu (yin deficient) 陰虛//
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Click=>現 代中藥辭典(chinese_herbs_dictionary. 中英藥名. )

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Samples of Established Classical Chinese Herb Formulae(note: 首先必須依據辨証論治的需要，選定恰當的葯物 Need to be modified for actual application based on the RIGHT KNOWLEDGE ,dont simply take it for granted.)
Click on the links for explanations of uses.
an zhong san 安中散//ba wei shun qi wan 八 味 順 氣 丸// ba zhen tang 八珍湯//ba zheng san 八正散//bai dai wan 白帶 丸// bai hu tang 白虎湯//bai zhu shao yao san 白朮芍藥散//ban xia bai zhu tian ma tang 半夏白朮天麻湯//ban xia xie xin tang 半夏瀉心湯//bie jia jian wan 鱉甲煎丸//bu jin wan 補金丸 //bu shen gu chi wan 補 腎固齒丸//bu yang huan wu tang 補 陽 還 五 湯//bu zhong yi qi tang, 補中益氣湯//chai hu gui zhi tang 柴胡桂枝湯//chai hu gui zhi gan jiang tang 柴胡桂枝乾薑湯//chai hu jia long gu mu li tang柴 胡加龍骨牡蠣湯//chai hu shu gan tang 柴胡疏肝湯// cheng_shang_san cheng 澄傷散//chong shen wan 重參丸// da chai hu tang 大柴 胡湯//da cheng qi tang 大 承氣湯// da huang zhe chong wan 大 黃 蟅 蟲 丸//dan fan san 蛋礬 散// dian dao san 顛倒散//dan zhi xiao yao san 丹梔逍遙散//dang gui jian zhong tang 當歸 健中湯,// dang gui liu huang tang 當歸六黃湯//dang gui nian tong tang 當歸拈痛湯//dang gui shao yao san 當歸芍藥散//dang gui si ni tang 當歸四逆湯//dao chi san 導赤 散//di fu zi fang 地膚子方//di yu wan 地 榆 丸// ding chuan tang 定喘湯//ding he wan 定鶴丸//ding xiang shi di tang 丁香 柿蒂 湯//du huo ji sheng tang 獨活寄生湯//e jiao ji yin tang 阿膠 濟陰湯//e jiao huang lian tang 阿膠黃連湯//e jiao huang qin tang 阿膠黃芩湯//er chen tang 二陳湯//er xian tang 二 仙 湯//er wei xiao feng san 二味消風散//fetus pacifying porridge 安 胎 鯉 魚 粥//gan mai da zao tang 甘麥大棗湯// ge gen tang 葛 根 湯//gu shen an tai yin 固腎安胎飲//gui pi tang 歸脾湯//gui shen wan 歸腎丸//gui zhi fu ling wan 桂枝茯苓丸// gui zhi shao yao zhi mu tang 桂枝芍藥知母湯//gui zhi tang 桂枝湯//he rong san jian wan 和榮散堅丸//hong hua san 紅花散//
huang lian e jiao tang 黃連阿膠湯//huang lian jie du tang 黃連解毒湯// huang qi gui zhi wu wu tang 黃耆桂枝五物湯// ji sheng shen qi wan 濟生腎氣丸//jia wei gui pi tang 加味歸脾湯//jiao ai tang, 膠艾湯//jiao san xian 焦三仙//jin gui shen qi wan 金 櫃腎氣丸// jiu nao tang 救腦湯//Kong sheng zheng zhong dan 孔聖枕中丹// li zhong tang 理中湯//Li Dong Yuan qing feng san, 李東垣清風散// ling gui zhu gan tang 苓桂朮甘湯//liu yi san 六一散//liu jun zi tang 六君子湯//liu shen wan 六神丸//liu wei di huang wan 六味地黃丸// long dan xie gan tang 龍膽瀉肝湯//lu jiao jiao porridge 鹿角膠粥// ma huang tang 麻黃湯//ma huang fu zi xi xin tang 麻黃附子細辛湯//ma xing yin gan tang 麻杏薏甘湯//niu huang jie du pian 牛 黃解毒片// niu che shen qi wan 牛車腎氣丸//pai luan fang 排卵方// Pai nong fang 排膿方//pai nong san 排膿散//ping xiao san 平消散//pu ji xiao du yin 普濟消毒飲//qing huang san 青黃散方qu yin yu xin dan 啟陰娛心丹// ren shen bai du san 人參敗毒散//ren shen yang rong tang 人 參 養榮湯// rong gui bai bu wan 茸桂百補丸//san bi tang 三 痹 湯 // San Zhong Kui Jian Tang 散腫 潰堅湯//san zi yang qing tang 三子養親湯//sang ju yin 桑菊飲// sang shen hei fa wan 桑椹黑 髮丸//shao fu zhu yu tang 少腹逐瘀湯// shao yao gan cao tang 芍 藥甘 草湯//shen gui bai bu wan 參桂百補丸//shen ling bai zhu san 參苓白朮 散//shen lou san 參樓散//,shen zhu wan 參朮丸// sheng hua tang 生化湯//sheng jiang san 生降 散//sheng ma ge gen tang 生麻葛根湯// sheng mai san 生 脈 散//sheng tie luo yin 生鐵落飲//sheng yang chu shi fang feng tang 生陽除濕防風湯//shi tan san 十炭散//shi quan da bu tang 十全大補湯//shu jing huo xue tang 舒經活血湯//si jun zi tang 四君子湯//si ni tang 四逆湯//si shen wan 四神丸//si wu tang 四物湯, //si jun zi tang 四君子湯//
si wu tang 四物湯//,si wu xiao yao tang 四物逍 遙湯//suan zao ren tang 酸棗仁湯//
tao he cheng qi tang 桃核承氣湯//tao hong si wu tang 桃紅四物湯// tian ma gou teng yin 天麻鉤藤飲//tian ma wan 天麻 丸//tian wang bu xin dan 天王補心丹// tu ji san 禿 雞散//tuo_hua_jian 脫花煎//wan dai fang 完帶方//wen jing tang 温經湯//wu ji bai feng wan 烏雞白鳳丸//wu ling san 五苓 散//wu wei yi gong san 五味異功散//wu zhu yu tang 吳茱萸湯//wu zi yan zong wan 五子衍宗丸// xiao chai hu tang 小柴胡湯//xiao jian zhong tang 小健中湯//xiao jin dan 小金丹//xiao luo wan 消瘰 丸//xiao yao san 逍遙散//xiao xu ming tang 小續命湯//
xiao Yao Wan, 逍遙丸//xing su san 杏蘇 散//xuan fu hua dai zhe shi tang 旋 覆花代赭 石湯//
xue fu zhu yu tang 血府逐瘀 湯//yi huang san tang 易黃散湯//yi yi fu zi bai jiang san 薏苡附子敗醬 散//yi yi ren tang 薏苡仁湯//yi zi tang 已字湯 //yin chen hao tang 茵陳蒿湯//
yin hua jie du dan 銀花 解毒散//yin qiao san 銀翹散//you gui wan 右歸丸// yu nu jian 玉女煎//yu Ping Feng San, 玉屏風散//yu xin dan 娛心丹// yue ju wan 越鞠丸//zhen wu tang 真武湯//zhi bai di huang wan 知柏地黃丸// zhi gan cao tang 炙甘草湯//zhi shi da huang tang 枳實大黃 湯// zhi shi shao yan san 枳實芍藥散/zuo gui wan 左歸 丸/

中葯之君臣佐使
中葯之君臣佐使（北京中醫大學中醫學士.美蔘生技蔡志文經理）
中葯一首方劑組成，首先必須依據辨証論治的需要，選定恰當的葯物，其中最重要的是明確君，臣，佐，使的不同地位及其相互配伍關係。何謂君臣佐使？＜素問．至真要大論＞說：主病之謂君，佐君之謂臣，應臣之謂使。分而言之，所謂君葯就是針對主病或主証起到主要治療作用的葯物，其葯力居方中之首，用量最大，在一個方劑中，君葯是首要的不可或缺的葯物。臣葯有二種意義，一是輔助君葯加強治療主病或主証的葯物。二是針對兼病或兼証起治療作用的葯物，它的葯力小於君葯。
佐葯也有三種意義，一是佐助葯，即協助君臣葯加強治療作用，或直接治療次要的兼証。二是佐制葯，即用以消除或減緩君臣葯的毐性與烈性。三是反佐葯，即是根據病情需要，用與君葯性味相反而又能在治療中起相成作用的葯物。使葯有二種意義，一是引經葯，即能引方中諸葯以達病所的葯物。二是調和葯，即具有調和諸葯作用的葯物。使葯的葯力較小，用量亦輕。如上所述，除君葯外，臣佐使都具有二種以上涵義，在每一首方劑中不一定每種意義的臣佐使葯具備，也不一定每味葯只任一職。如病情比較單純者，用一二味葯即可奏效，或君臣無毒烈性，便不需加佐葯。主病葯物能直達病所時，也可不必加引經的使葯。
總之，每一方劑葯味的多少，以及君臣佐使是否齊備，全視病情與治法的需要。現以麻黃湯為例分析如下: 君麻黃_發汗散寒，宣肺平喘。臣桂枝_助麻黃解表，調和營衛。佐杏仁_宣利肺氣，配合麻黃宣肺散邪。使甘草_調和諸葯，並可延緩葯力，以防麻桂發汗太過。

Formulae of Traditional Chinese Medicine In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), herbal therapies are generally formula based and single herbs are rarely used. TCM holds that every medicinal substance has its strengths and its shortcomings, and each ingredient in the formula should be carefully balanced in quality and quantity, in order to accentuate its efficacy while reducing side effects.The herbs are not simply added in a cumulative fashion but combined according to particular principles. Firstly, through a unique diagnostic process, physicians discern the subtle patterns according to the symptoms of the individual, which then guides them to determine therapeutic and to design or select proper formulae. Take influenza as an example:
1.Present symptoms: chill, fever, headache, generalized aching, panting and no sweating; thin and whitish coating on the tongue; floating and tense pulse..
2. TCM disharmony pattern: exterior syndrome due to exogenous wind-cold.
3.Therapeutic strategies: exterior syndrome is relieved by diaphoretic therapy (promotes perspiration) and the wind-cold invasion can be removed by pungent and warm herbs.
4.Matched classical formula: Ephedra Decoction (Ma Huang Tang) that consists of ephedra, cinnamon twigs, bitter apricot kernel and liquorice root.
As TCM physicians always focus on disharmony pattern, combination of herbs should address these presentations exactly. Since a TCM formula contains multiple interactive ingredients, it is customarily to rank the compositions in four groups when analyzing the role they play in the formula.
Monarch:
The ingredient that exerts the major and leading effects in a formula. Generally, monarch drugs should constitute the largest proportion of a formula; a competent formula usually only contains one to two principal herbs so that the therapeutic effects can be focused.
Minister:
Also known as the associate ingredient usually refers to two different functions. One is to support the monarch drug to exert major actions on the body, and the second is to improve and treat the accompanying symptoms or coexisting disharmony pattern. In comparison with the monarch drug, the minister drug usually has a weaker action.
Assistant:
The ingredients can play one of the following three roles in a formula. One is to reinforce the effects of the monarch or minister drug or to treat the less important coexisting patterns. The second role is to eliminate the toxicity of the monarch and minister ingredients, or modulate their harsh properties, and the third is to provide paradoxical assistance.
Guide:
These have two different functions. One is to force the actions of the formula on the target meridian or area of the body; and the second is to harmonize and integrate the effects on other drugs.
With reference to the Ephedra Decoction mentioned above, we can see how the ingredients interact with each other. In the formula, ephedra serves as the monarch herb for dispelling the pathogens on the exterior and relieving most of the symptoms. Cinnamon twigs aids ephedra in inducing sweating and expelling the pathogens on the exterior, and thus has a minister role. Bitter apricot kernel helps the ephedra in enhancing the lung so as to ease panting, a less important condition and thus is considered an assistant herb. Liquorice root modulates the harsh properties of ephedra and cinnamon twigs and also acts in the assistant role. Since the first three herbs are all work similarly, it is not necessary to use a guiding herb in the formula. In addition, due to the complexity of individual conditions, the dose, the preparation method and even additional herbal components will frequently be modified. This part of skills needs extensive training and actual clinical experience.After centuries of practice, scholars perfected various formulae for some typical disharmony patterns, and today, these classic formulae have become the basis for modern day usage. Many of them are so popular that they have been manufactured as patent remedies and are available in health stores. Appropriate formula prescriptions based on accurate differential diagnosis can only be made by qualified TCM physicians. It is important to consult a qualified TCM physician to help you select the most appropriate formula
Commercial (non-classical) formulae:
Po Chai Pills 保濟丸 [A common and inexpensive pills for stomach ach and purging.We use it in my family --very effective and convenient. You can easily get it in any medical shops,sundry shops,even in supermarkets.]
skin fungus lotion 擦癬藥水[Very cheap and effective, the smell like containing PHENOL,dont use on face, got to bear the slight pain!Get it in any chinese medical shop. For EXTERNAL USE ONLY!!]
Basic Vocabulary/Terminology/References In TCM usage:
Sorted by English Name (click it,some may not work):
A-shi point // Abnormal pulse reading //Acupoint injection //Acupoint //Anorexia //Apoplexy //Arm Jue Yin Pericardium Meridian //Arm Shao Yang Triple Burner Meridian //Arm Shao Yin Heart Meridian //Arm Tai Yang Small Intestine Meridian //Arm Tai Yin Lung Meridian //Arm Yang Ming Large Intestine Meridian //Arrival of qi //Assistant herbs //Astringency //Asthenia-syndrome of superficies //Bi syndrome //
Bladder //Blood //Body constitutions//Bone atrophy syndrome//Bone flaccidity syndrome //Carbuncle //Channel bi syndrome //Chest oppression //Chinese qi-gong// Chinese therapeutic food// Cold evils //Cold pain //Collapse of yang///Collapse of yin //Conception Vessel Meridian //Consumptive disease //Cun, guan, chi //Cupping //Damp-heat //Dampness evil //Dan tian //Decoction //Deficiency type gasp //Delirium// Diagnostic methods //Dietetic restraint //Diarrhea //Disharmony pattern / diagnostic pattern / syndrome //Dryness evil //Dual modulation //Eight-length brocade exercise //Eight therapies //Embryo //Endogenous cold syndrome //Endogenous dampness syndrome// Endogenous dryness syndrome //Endogenous heat syndrome //Endogenous wind syndrome //Entering a quiet state //Enuresis //Essence, Jing, kidney essence, essential qi //Exogenous evils //External six evils //Fire and heat evils //Five elements theory //Five movements and six influences //Five zang organs //Fluid //Flush channel //Four energies & five flavors //Genuine qi //Gall bladder //Governor Vessel Meridian //Guide herbs //Half exterior-half interior type //Healthy energy //eart //Heart disharmony //Heart energy //Hectic fever //Holistic approach //Hysteria //Impotence //Inspection //Internal damages caused by seven emotions //Jaundice //idney //Kidney disharmony// Kidney yin & kidney yang //Kidneys dominate anterior and posterior orifices //Kidneys manifest in the hair //idneys open into the ears //Kidneys rule the bones //Kidneys rule the grasping of qi//
Kidneys rule water //Kidneys store essence (jing) //Large intestine //Leg Jue Yin Liver Meridian //Leg Shao Yang Gall Bladder Meridian //Leg Shao Yin Kidney Meridian //Leg Tai Yang Bladder Meridian //Leg Tai Yin Spleen Meridian //Leg Yang Ming Stomach Meridian //Leukorrhagia //Lifting, lowering, floating & sinking //Listening & smelling //Liver //Liver disharmony //Locations of pain //Lung //Lung disharmony //Massage therapy //Meridian //Metrorrhagia //Minister herbs //Monarch fire //Monarch herbs //Moxibustion //Muscular striae //Nature of pain //Night sweating //Normal pulse reading //Numbness of limbs //Nutrient essence //Obesity //Organs //Orifices //Otopuncture therapy// Over-heated stomach //verstrain //Palpation //Palpitation //Pathogen //Pericardium// Pestilential evil //Phlegm //rime minister fire //rimordial energy// Primordial yin //rotective qi rurigo//Pulse study//Qi//Qi-gong reactions //Questioning //history taking// Rectum prolapse //Reducing method //Retention of the needle //Reverse flow of qi //Scraping therapy //Sea of marrow //Seminal emission / spermatorrhea //Seven modes of emotions //Shanghan //Shortness of breath //Simultaneous exterior and interior type //Six fu organs// Small intestine //Special pathological conditions //Spirit / mind //Spleen //Spleen disharmony //Spontaneous sweating//Stirring fetus //Striae //Stomach //Stool //Supprative and ulcerous diseases //Syndrome differentiation// Syndrome differentiation according to defense, vital energy, nutrient & blood// Syndrome differentiation according to the eight principles //Syndrome differentiation according to the organs (zang fu) //Syndrome differentiation according to the six meridians //Syndromes differentiation according to the twelve regular meridians ///Syndromes of deficiency type / asthenia syndromes //Syndromes of excess type / sthenia syndromes //syndromes of exterior type //yndromes of interior type //aijichuan //CM chronology è ///Ten Questions Song è //enesmusè// hree kinds of pathogenic factors ///ian gui //Tonificationè //ongue signsè // riple burner //rine //aporization// irtual fire //ital gate //Vitiligo //eifen syndrome //enbing //ind evil //ind-dampness evil //omen specialty //ang deficiency //ng qi //ang vacuity with internal cold //in deficiency //in fluid //in vacuity leading to internal heat //ingfen syndrome //Yin & Yang //
Sorted by Chinese Name (click it,some may not work.):
a shi xue 阿是穴//ba duan jin 八段錦//ba fa 八法//ba gang bian zheng 八綱辨証//ba huo guan 拔火罐//bai dian feng 白癜風//ban biao ban li 半表半裏//beng lou 崩漏 //bi zheng 痹証//bian zheng 辨証///biao li tong bing 表裏同病///biao xu 表虛//biao zheng 表証//bing mai xiang 病脈象//bing xie 病邪//bu fa 補法//chao re 潮熱//chen yao 臣藥//chong mai 衝脈//chuang yang 瘡瘍//cou li 腠理//cu zhong 卒中 //cun, guan, chi 寸關尺//da bian 大便///da chang 大腸//da shi nian biao 大事年表//dai xia 帶下//dan tian 丹田//dan 膽//dao han 盜汗// de qi 得氣//du mai 督脈 //er zhen liao fa 耳針療法//fei bing 肺病//fei pang 肥胖//fei 肺//feng shi 風濕//feng xie 風邪 //fu ke 婦科//gan bing 肝病//gan 肝//gu se/ shou lian 固澀/收斂//gu suo bing 骨縮病//gu wei 骨痿//gua sha 刮痧//han xie 寒邪 //huang dan 黃疸//huo xie/ re xie 火或熱邪 //ji cou 肌腠//ji kou 忌口//jian yao 煎藥 //jin ye 津液 //jing luo bian zheng 經絡辨証 //jing luo 經絡 //jing/shen jing 精，腎精//jiu fa 灸法 //jun huo 君火//jun yao 君藥//lao shang 勞傷//leng tong 冷痛//li ji hou zhong 裏急後重//li qi 癘氣//li zheng 裏証//liu fu 六腑 //liu jing bian zheng 六經辨証 //liu zhen 留針//mai bi 脈痹//mai zhen 脈診//ming men 命門//na dai 納呆 //nei feng 內風//nei han 內寒// nei re 內熱 //nei shang qi qing 內傷七情 //nei shi 內濕//nei zao 內燥// pang guang 膀胱 //pi bing 脾病 //pi 脾 //ping mai / chang mai 平脈 / 常脈//qi duan 氣短//qi gong fan ying 氣功反應 //qi hua 氣化//qi qing 七情//qi yi 氣逆//qi 氣 //qie zhen 切診 //qing qiao 清竅//ren mai 任脈 //ru jing 入靜//san jiao 三焦 //san yin 三因 //shang han 傷寒//she xiang 舌象 //shen bing 腎病//shen cang jing 腎藏精 //shen hua zai fa 腎華在髮//shen kai qiao yu er yin 腎開竅于二陰//shen kai qiao yu er 腎開竅于耳 //shen yin shen yang 腎陰腎陽//shen zhu gu 腎主骨 //shen zhu na qi 腎主納氣 //shen zhu shui 腎主水//shen 神 //shen 腎//sheng jiang fu chen 升降浮沉// shi re 濕熱//shi wen ge 十問歌//shi xie 濕邪 //shi yao 使藥 //shi zheng 實証 //shou jue yin xin bao jing 手厥陰心包經// shou shao yangsan jiao jing 手少陽三焦經//shou shao yin xin jing 手少陰心經//shou tai yang xiao chang jing 手太陽小腸經//shou tai yin fei jing 手太陰肺經// shou yang ming da chang jing 手陽明大腸經//shuang xiang tiao jie 雙向調節 //shui gu jing wei 水谷精微//si qi wu wei 四氣五味 //si zhi ma mu 四肢麻木//sui hai 髓海//tai dong bu an 胎動不安//tai ji chuan 太極拳//tai yuan 胎元 //tan 痰//te shu bing li 特殊病理 //teng tong bu wei 疼痛部位 //teng tong xing zhi 疼痛性質//ti zhi 體質//tian gui 天癸 //tui na 推拿//tuo gang 脫肛//wai gan liu yin 外感六淫//wai xie 外邪 //wang yang zheng 亡陽証 //wang yin zheng 亡陰証//wang zhen 望診 //wei fen zheng 衛分証//wei qi ying xue bian zheng 衛氣營血辨証 //wei qi 衛氣// wei re 胃熱//wei 胃 //wen zhen 問診 //wen zhen 聞診 //wenbing 溫病 //wu xing xue shuo 五行學說//wu yun liu qi 五運六氣 //wu zang 五臟 //xiang huo 相火// xiao bian 小便//xiao chang 小腸//xie fa 瀉法//xie xie 泄瀉// xin bao luo 心包絡 //xin bing 心病 //xin fan 心煩 //xin ji / zheng chong 心悸及怔忡 //xin qi 心氣//xin 心 //xu chuan 虛喘 //xu lao 虛勞//xu re / xu huo 虛熱或虛火 //xu zheng 虛証//xue feng chuang 血風瘡 //xue wei zhu she liao fa 穴位注射療法//xue 血// yang qi 陽氣//yang wei 陽痿// yang xu er han 陽虛而寒//yang xu 陽虛 //yi jing 遺精//yi niao 遺尿 //yin xu huo wang 陰虛火旺 //yin xu 陰虛 //yin yang 陰陽 //yin ye 陰液 //ying fen zheng 營分証 //yong 癰 //yu xue 腧穴//yuan qi 元氣 //zang fu bian zheng 臟腑辨証//zang fu 臟腑 //zang zao 臟躁//zao xie 燥邪 //zhan yu 譫語//zhen fa 診法//zhen qi 真氣//zhen yin 真陰 //zheng hou 証候 //zheng qi 正氣//zheng ti guan nian 整體觀念 //zhong guo qi gong 中國氣功//zhong yi shi liao 中醫食療 //zi han 自汗 //zu jue yin gan jing 足厥陰肝經 //zu shao yang dan jing 足少陽膽經//zu shao yin shen jing 足少陰腎經// zu tai yang pang guang jing 足太陽膀胱經 //zu tai yin pi jing 足太陰脾經 //zu yang ming wei jing 足陽明胃經// zuo yao 佐藥 /

Nearly half the US populations turns to complementary, alternative and integrative practices to maintain or improve their health. Beverly Burns of UCSF's Osher Center for Integrative Medicine explores traditional Chinese medicine including acupuncture, meridians and chi. Series: "UCSF Mini Medical School for the Public" [12/2007] [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 13073]

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